Spinal stenosis is a condition where the spinal canal narrows, compressing the spinal cord and nerves. This can cause pain, numbness, and weakness, typically in the lower back and legs. Spinal stenosis can result from ageing, arthritis, or other conditions affecting spine's structure.
Causes of Spinal Stenosis
- Ageing - Natural wear and tear on the spine
- Arthritis - Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to bone spurs that narrow the spinal canal
- Herniated Discs - Discs that bulge into the spinal canal
- Spinal Injuries - Trauma can cause dislocations or fractures that narrow the spinal canal
- Congenital Spinal Stenosis - Some individuals are born with a narrow spinal canal
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
- Pain in the back or neck
- Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
- Muscle weakness
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Symptoms that worsen with activity and improve with rest
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to determine the extent of spinal canal narrowing.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Medications - Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants
- Physical Therapy - Exercises to strengthen the spine and improve flexibility
- Epidural Steroid Injections - To reduce inflammation and pain
- Lifestyle Modifications: - Weight management, ergonomic adjustments, and smoking cessation
Surgical Treatments
- Laminectomy - Removal of part of the vertebra to create more space for the spinal cord and nerves
- Foraminotomy - Enlargement of the foramina to relieve nerve pressure
- Spinal Fusion - To stabilise the spine if necessary
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from spinal stenosis treatments varies based on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are crucial for regaining strength and mobility.
Living with Spinal Stenosis
Managing spinal stenosis involves adhering to treatment plans, avoiding activities that worsen symptoms, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Many patients can manage their symptoms effectively and lead active lives with proper care.