Vertebral compression fractures occur when a vertebra collapses, causing it to become compressed. This condition is often associated with osteoporosis but can also result from trauma or certain medical conditions. These fractures can lead to severe pain, spinal deformities, and reduced quality of life.
Causes of Vertebral Compression Fractures
- Osteoporosis - The most common cause, where bones become weak and brittle
- Trauma - Injury or impact to the spine
- Metastatic Cancer - Cancer that spreads to the bones can weaken them, leading to fractures
- Long-Term Use of Corticosteroids - Can weaken bones over time
Symptoms of Vertebral Compression Fractures
- Sudden onset of back pain
- Pain that worsens with movement or standing
- Loss of height
- Spinal deformity, such as a hunchback (kyphosis)
- Limited mobility and difficulty performing daily activities
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to identify the fracture and assess the extent of damage.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Medications - Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and bone-strengthening medications
- Bracing - Wearing a back brace to support the spine and reduce pain
- Physical Therapy - Exercises to strengthen the back and improve posture
- Lifestyle Modifications - Weight management, quitting smoking, and dietary changes to support bone health
Surgical Treatments
- Vertebroplasty - Injection of bone cement into the fractured vertebra to stabilise it and relieve pain
- Kyphoplasty - Similar to vertebroplasty, but a balloon is first inserted to create space before the cement is injected, helping to restore height to the compressed vertebra
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from vertebral compression fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and the type of treatment. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are essential for regaining strength and mobility.
Living with Vertebral Compression Fractures
Managing vertebral compression fractures involves following a treatment plan, avoiding activities that worsen symptoms, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Proper management can help patients maintain mobility and reduce pain.