Understanding Disc Herniation
Disc herniation, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft inner gel of an intervertebral disc protrudes through a tear in the outer layer. This can compress nearby nerves, causing pain and other symptoms. Sciatica is a common condition resulting from disc herniation, where the herniated disc presses on a nerve, leading to pain that radiates down the leg.
Causes of Disc Herniation
- Ageing - Discs lose water content and flexibility with age, making them more prone to herniation
- Trauma - Injury or sudden strain can cause a disc to herniate
- Repetitive Stress - Activities involving heavy lifting or twisting motions
- Genetics: - A family history of disc herniation increases the risk
Symptoms of Disc Herniation
- Localised pain in the back or neck
- Radiating pain, numbness, or tingling in the arms or legs
- Muscle weakness
- Pain that worsens with movement or certain positions
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to locate the herniated disc and assess the extent of nerve compression.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Medications - Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants
- Physical Therapy - Exercises to strengthen the spine and improve flexibility
- Epidural Steroid Injections - To reduce inflammation and pain
- Lifestyle Modifications - Weight management, ergonomic adjustments, and smoking cessation
Surgical Treatments
- Microdiscectomy - Removal of the herniated portion of the disc to relieve nerve pressure
- Laminectomy - Removal of part of the vertebra to create more space for the nerves
- Spinal Fusion - To stabilise the spine if necessary
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from disc herniation treatments varies based on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are essential for regaining strength and mobility.
Living with Disc Herniation
Managing disc herniation involves following a treatment plan, avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Many patients can manage their symptoms effectively and lead active lives with proper care.